Gentoo Base 安装

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Gentoo Install

  • 分区

    下面的部分解释了怎样使用fdisk来创建范例分区布局，范例分区布局我们在前面已经提到过了。


Partition Description

/dev/sda1 BIOS boot partition  2M

/dev/sda2 Boot Partition       100M

/dev/sda3 Swap partition       1G

/dev/sda4 Root partition       -1


 Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1             1         3      5198+  ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/32)

/dev/sda2   *         3        14    105808+  83  Linux

/dev/sda3            15        81    506520   82  Linux swap

/dev/sda4            82      3876  28690200   83  Linux


# 创建EFI，如果不是用uefi启动的话，跳过这里

mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1


zpool create -f -o ashift=12 -o cachefile= -O compression=lz4 -m none -R /mnt/gentoo rpool /dev/sda4

zfs create rpool/ROOT

zfs create -o mountpoint=/ rpool/ROOT/gentoo

zfs create -o mountpoint=/home rpool/HOME

zfs create -o mountpoint=/usr rpool/USR

zpool create -f -d -o ashift=12 -o cachefile= -m /boot -R /mnt/gentoo boot /dev/sda2

  • 安装基础系统

tar xpvf stage*

mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi


mirrorselect -i -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.config


mkdir --parents /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf

cp /mnt/gentoo/usr/share/portage/config/repos.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf


cp --dereference /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/


mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc

mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys

mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys

mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev

mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev


test -L /dev/shm && rm /dev/shm && mkdir /dev/shm

mount --types tmpfs --options nosuid,nodev,noexec shm /dev/shm

chmod 1777 /dev/shm


chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash

source /etc/profile

export PS1="(chroot) ${PS1}"


emerge-webrsync

emerge --sync


eselect profile list

eselect profile set 1


# 更新系统

emerge --verbose --update --deep --newuse @world


echo 'ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf

echo 'MAKEOPTS="-j5"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf

echo 'VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf

echo 'GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf


echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone

emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data


nano -w /etc/locale.gen


en_US ISO-8859-1

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

zh_CN GBK 

zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8


locale-gen


eselect locale set en_US.utf8

eselect locale list

env-update && source /etc/profile && export PS1="(chroot) ${PS1}"


# 安装ZFS软件

mkdir /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords

echo "sys-fs/zfs-kmod ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/zfs-kmod

echo "sys-fs/zfs ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/zfs


emerge sys-fs/zfs


rc-update add zfs-import boot

rc-update add zfs-mount boot

rc-update add zfs-share default

rc-update add zfs-zed default


echo 536870912 >> /sys/module/zfs/parameters/zfs_arc_max or echo "options zfs zfs_arc_max=536870912" >> /etc/modprobe.d/zfs.conf

  • 配置内核


emerge sys-apps/pciutils 

emerge sys-kernel/gentoo-sources 

emerge sys-kernel/genkernel 

emerge vim 


# 一些驱动需要先在系统上安装附加的固件才能工作。经常网络接口上会使用，特别是无线网络接口。此外，来自 AMD 、 NVidia 和 Intel 等供应商的现代视频芯片在使用开源驱动程序时，通常也需要外部固件文件。大多数固件都打包在 sys-kernel/linux-firmware 里：

emerge sys-kernel/linux-firmware


# 编译内核

cd /usr/src/linux

make menuconfig


Enable GPT partition label support if that was used previously when partitioning the disk (CONFIG_PARTITION_ADVANCED and CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION):

-*- Enable the block layer --->

   Partition Types --->

      [*] Advanced partition selection

      [*] EFI GUID Partition support


Enable support for UEFI

Processor type and features  --->

    [*] EFI runtime service support 

    [*]   EFI stub support

    [*]     EFI mixed-mode support


Enable support for uvesafb

Device Drivers  --->

   <*> Connector - unified userspace <-> kernelspace linker  --->

   Graphics support  --->

      Frame buffer Devices  --->

         [*] Support for frame buffer devices --->

            [*] Enable firmware EDID

            <*> Userspace VESA VGA graphics support

 

Firmware Drivers  --->

    EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) Support  --->

        <*> EFI Variable Support via sysfs


sys-kernel/zfs requires Zlib kernel support (module or builtin).

General Architecture Dependent Options --->

  GCC plug ins  --->  

    [ ]   Randomize layout of sensitive kernel structures 

Cryptographic API --->

  <*> Deflate compression algorithm

Security options  ---> 

  [ ] Harden common str/mem functions against buffer overflows


Enable USB

Device Drivers  --->

  SCSI device support  --->

  

## (Although SCSI will be enabled automatically when selecting USB Mass Storage,

we need to enable disk support.)

---   SCSI support type (disk, tape, CD-ROM)

<*>   SCSI disk support

  

## (Then move back a level and go into USB support)

USB support  --->

  

## (This is the root hub and is required for USB support.

If you'd like to compile this as a module, it will be called usbcore.)

<*> Support for Host-side USB

  

## (Select at least one of the HCDs. If you are unsure, picking all is fine.)

--- USB Host Controller Drivers

              xHCI HCD (USB 3.0) support 

              EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support

< > OHCI HCD support

<*> UHCI HCD (most Intel and VIA) support

  

## (Moving a little further down, we come to CDC and mass storage.)

< > USB Modem (CDC ACM) support

<*> USB Printer support

<*> USB Mass Storage support

  

## (If you have a USB Network Card like the RTL8150, you'll need this)

USB Network Adapters  --->

    <*> USB RTL8150 based ethernet device support (EXPERIMENTAL)

  

## (If you have a serial to USB converter like the Prolific 2303, you'll need this)

USB Serial Converter support  --->

    <*> USB Serial Converter support

    <*> USB Prolific 2303 Single Port Serial Driver (NEW)


USB Audio

The USB Audio kernel driver must be enabled to support USB microphones, headsets and speakers to work properly. This is the case for some laptops since their microphones are connected on the USB bus.
KERNEL Enable support for SND_USB_AUDIO
Device Drivers -->
   Sound card support -->
      Advanced Linux Sound Architecture -->
         USB sound devices -->
            <*> USB Audio/MIDI driver


make && make modules_install

make install


genkernel --zfs --install initramfs

  • 配置系统

vi /etc/fstab

nano -w /etc/conf.d/hostname

nano -w /etc/conf.d/net

config_eth0="dhcp"


emerge sys-apps/pcmciautils sys-kernel/linux-firmware

passwd


# 配置引导和启动 Gentoo（在使用OpenRC时）使用/etc/rc.conf配置系统的服务，启动和关闭。 打开 /etc/rc.conf并查看文件中的所有注释。 设置并根据需要进行更改。

nano -w /etc/rc.conf


# 给grub添加zfs支持

echo "sys-boot/grub:2 libzfs" >> /etc/portage/package.use

echo "sys-boot/grub:2 ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/grub


# 安装基础的app

emerge app-admin/sysklogd

emerge sys-process/cronie

emerge app-admin/sudo

emerge net-misc/dhcpcd

emerge sys-boot/grub:2

emerge zhcon

emerge app-misc/screen


vi /etc/sudoers

qinanhg ALL=(ALL) ALL


rc-update add sysklogd default

rc-update add cronie default

rc-update add dhcpcd default

rc-update add sshd default


grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi

grub-install /dev/sda

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg


emerge --ask --autounmask-write =xorg-server-1.11.99.2


# 安装命令补全功能

emerge app-shells/bash-completion

sudo vi /etc/bash/bashrc


# Enable completition

source /etc/bash/bashrc.d/bash_completion.sh

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